I was working on Drupal-Alfresco integration, when I needed to provide Drupal users with the access to the Alfresco repository. I will not go into the details on how you can access Alfresco from Drupal (this would be a different story), but this can be done with the CMIS module. You would need some customization if you want to allow the Drupal users to use their own accounts to access Alfresco - as the opposite of using one Alfresco account for all users. This was the reason why we need the LDAP integration.  

Before you start, you need to know if you are able to modify the LDAP directory or not. It is possible that for security reasons your Drupal site will only be given permissions to read the LDAP, and not to modify it. If you do have the permissions to update an LDAP directory, you will be able to create LDAP users from the Drupal site, change passwords and synchronize user profiles. 

Besides the ldapauth module, which is a part of the LDAP Integration, you will need the ldapdata module (also a part of the LDAP Integration) for profiles synchronization and ldap_provisioning module for creating user accounts in both LDAP server and Drupal.

You probably would also need some third-party tool to browse the LDAP directory. This is not necessary, but it can be helpful for debugging. It is nice to see that you really can access LDAP with the given admin account and password from your IP address. Also you really can create users there, and be able to see/export the LDIF-style structure of the directory. On Ubuntu, I use "GQ" application.

The screen shots below are not a "How To" guide, but images and comments that can be helpful.